Marley NC Steel Cooling Tower User Manual Library, Manuals Installation, operation and maintenance instructions - as well as those offered separately on motors, fans, float valves, etc. Search for:. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits.
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You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Carefully monitoring and controlling the quantity of blowdown provides the most significant opportunity to conserve water in cooling tower operations.
Basin leaks or overflows : Properly operated towers should not have leaks or overflows. Check float control equipment to ensure the basin level is being maintained properly, and check system valves to make sure there are no unaccounted for losses. A key parameter used to evaluate cooling tower operation is "cycle of concentration" sometimes referred to as cycle or concentration ratio.
This is determined by calculating the ratio of the concentration of dissolved solids in the blowdown water compared to the make-up water. Because dissolved solids enter the system in the make-up water and exit the system in the blowdown water, the cycles of concentration are also approximately equal to the ratio of volume of make-up to blowdown water. From a water efficiency standpoint, you want to maximize cycles of concentration. This will minimize blowdown water quantity and reduce make-up water demand.
However, this can only be done within the constraints of your make-up water and cooling tower water chemistry. Dissolved solids increase as cycles of concentration increase, which can cause scale and corrosion problems unless carefully controlled. In addition to carefully controlling blowdown, other water efficiency opportunities arise from using alternate sources of make-up water.
Water from other facility equipment can sometimes be recycled and reused for cooling tower make-up with little or no pre-treatment, including:.
The following retrofit options help federal agencies maintain water efficiency across facilities:. The following replacement options help federal agencies maintain water efficiency across facilities.
Water from other facility equipment can sometimes be recycled and reused for cooling tower make-up with little or no pre-treatment, including: Air handler condensate water that collects when warm, moist air passes over the cooling coils in air handler units. This reuse is particularly appropriate because the condensate has a low mineral content and is typically generated in greatest quantities when cooling tower loads are the highest Water used once through a cooling system Pretreated effluent from other processes provided that any chemicals used are compatible with the cooling tower system High-quality municipal wastewater effluent or recycled water where available.
Operation and Maintenance. To maintain water efficiency in operations and maintenance, federal agencies should: Calculate and understand "cycles of concentration. Work with your cooling tower water treatment specialist to maximize the cycles of concentration.
Many systems operate at two to four cycles of concentration, while six cycles or more may be possible. The actual number of cycles of concentration the cooling tower system can handle depends on the make-up water quality and cooling tower water treatment regimen. Typical treatment programs include corrosion and scaling inhibitors along with biological fouling inhibitors.
Install a conductivity controller to automatically control blowdown. A conductivity controller can continuously measure the conductivity of the cooling tower water and discharge water only when the conductivity set point is exceeded. Install flow meters on make-up and blowdown lines. Check the ratio of make-up flow to blowdown flow. Then check the ratio of conductivity of blowdown water and the make-up water handheld conductivity meters can be used to determine the relative mineral concentration of the recirculating and make-up water.
These ratios should match the target cycles of concentration. If both ratios are not about the same, check the tower for leaks or other unauthorized draw-off. If the system is not operating at, or near, the target cycles of concentration, check system components including conductivity controller, make-up water fill valve, and blowdown valve.
Read conductivity and flow meters regularly to quickly identify problems. Keep a log of make-up and blowdown quantities, conductivity, and cycles of concentration. Monitor trends to spot deterioration in performance. Consider using acid treatment such as sulfuric, hydrochloric, or ascorbic acid where appropriate. When added to recirculating water, acid can reduce the scale buildup potential from mineral deposits and allow the system to run at higher cycles of concentration.
Acid treatment lowers the pH of the water and is effective in converting a portion of the alkalinity bicarbonate and carbonate , a primary constituent of scale formation, into more readily soluble forms. Make sure workers are fully trained in the proper handling of acids. Also note that acid overdoses can severely damage a cooling system. The use of a timer or continuous pH monitoring via instrumentation should be employed.
It is important to add acid at a point where the flow of water promotes rapid mixing and distribution.
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